Dental Sealants For Teeth: Purpose, Types, Process & Benefits

What are dental sealants?

Dental sealants are thin, protective coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth (molars and premolars). These teeth have grooves and pits in their structure, which are the areas where cavities are most likely to form. Protective sealants significantly reduce the risk of tooth decay by covering such structures. It can be applied to both primary (baby teeth) and permanent teeth. Dental sealants, like fluoride treatments, are preventive procedures. While fluoride is applied to the enamel of all teeth, sealants are specifically designed for molars and premolars.

What is the purpose of dental sealants?

These dental sealants act as a barrier, preventing sugary food particles, plaque, and harmful bacteria from getting into the grooves and fissures of the teeth, which can be difficult to clean even with regular brushing. When your dentist applies a dental sealant to your posterior teeth, it helps in protecting your teeth against decay. Once it is applied, it creates a protective layer that prevents any accumulation of debris or bacteria. As the leftover food particles, plaque, and cavity-causing bacteria can't get into these tiny spaces, it’s easier for you to maintain oral health for long periods of time. 

What materials are dental sealants made up of?

Sealants for teeth are typically made of plastic or resin-based materials. Both these types are readily available and the material used depends on the patient’s individual case and preferences. 

1. Composite resin (the most common material)

   • Description

     • This is a plastic-based material that bonds well to the tooth.

   • Colour

     • It is typically clear or tooth-coloured, making it blend in well with the natural tooth.

   • Durability

     • Composite resin sealants are durable, long-lasting, and resistant to wear.

2. Glass ionomer resin

   • Description

     • This material contains a combination of glass and acid, which helps it bond to the tooth surface.

   • Colour

     • It is usually translucent or slightly tinted.

   • Fluoride release

     • It releases fluoride over time, which can help prevent decay and strengthen the tooth. It is often used in areas that are harder to keep dry.

For personalised advice regarding which treatment type would serve you the best, you may consult with our dentists from Thomson Medical. 

How are dental sealants applied?

The application of dental sealants is a simple and painless process that typically takes only a few minutes for each tooth. 

1. Cleaning & isolation

   • The dentist thoroughly cleans the chewing surfaces of the teeth using a rotating brush and pumice to remove any plaque and traces of food debris. To prevent saliva contamination, the dentist uses cotton rolls, gauze, or a rubber dam to keep the tooth dry.

2. Etching

   • Next, the dentist applies a special gel or acid solution to the tooth surface. This is done to create a rough texture on the enamel that helps bond the dental sealant more effectively. The etching solution is rinsed off and the tooth is dried again.

3. Sealant application 

   • The sealant bond is now applied to the grooves and fissures using a small applicator.

4. Curing

   • A special curing light (blue light) is used to cure or harden the dental sealant to secure it in place. Some dentists use sealants that are self-curing and harden without light.

5. Evaluation 

   • The dentist checks the sealant to ensure it's properly bonded and smooth across all chewing surfaces of teeth. This is where your dentist also ensures that your bite is not affected.

How long do dental sealants last?

Sealants can remain intact for several years, but it is important to check them during routine dental check-ups. 

In case your sealant wears down or cracks. It is important to repair or replace the worn down sealant. You don't want to leave broken sealants unattended, as it may lead to leakage and contamination. This will ultimately contribute to the manifestation of tooth decay.

Benefits of having dental sealants

• Prevents tooth decay by protecting the chewing surfaces and vulnerable areas of the teeth.

• Creates a smooth surface covering the fissured area without compromising the aesthetics.

• Reduces the need for dental fillings and dental crowns in the future.

• Helps reduce the frequency of cavities in children and teenagers who are more likely to have developed them due to difficulty in cleaning back teeth.

• It is significantly less expensive than fillings or crowns, which leads to long-term savings on dental treatments.

Who needs dental sealants?

Dental sealants are recommended for various groups of people for both baby teeth and adult teeth, primarily for those who are at higher risk of tooth decay or have difficulty maintaining oral hygiene. Here's a breakdown of who should get dental sealants:

1. Children and teenagers

   • Dental sealants are most commonly applied on children and teenagers, particularly after their permanent molars come in.

     1. First molars: Typically, dental sealants are applied when the first set of permanent molars erupts, around age 6.

     2. Second molars: The second set of molars typically erupts around age 12, and sealants are often applied at this time as well.

   • Children and teens are more likely to develop cavities in their back teeth (molars) due to the deep grooves and fissures in those teeth, which can be difficult to clean properly with brushing alone. Sealants help protect those vulnerable areas.

   • Children with a high risk of cavities (due to diet, personal habits, or family history) benefit the most from sealants.

2. Adults without existing decay

   • While sealants are commonly associated with children and teens, adults can also benefit from them, especially if they don't have fillings or decay in their back teeth.

   • If an adult has deep grooves in their molars or is at risk for decay, sealants can help protect the teeth from cavities, particularly in areas that are difficult to clean.

   • Adults who have not had cavities in their molars and who maintain good oral hygiene may benefit from sealants as an added preventive measure. 

3. People with deep tooth grooves or fissures

   • People with particularly deep grooves or fissures in their molars are more prone to developing cavities because food and bacteria can get trapped in these hard-to-reach areas. Sealants can smooth out these grooves and help protect the enamel. 

4. People at higher risk for cavities

   • People with certain risk factors, such as:

     1. A diet high in acidic or sugary foods.

     2. Poor oral hygiene practices.

     3. A history of cavities or dental issues.

     4. Reduced saliva production, which can make teeth more susceptible to decay.

5. People with orthodontic appliances

   • People wearing braces or other orthodontic appliances can benefit from sealants

   • Braces can make it harder to clean teeth properly, especially the back teeth. Sealants provide extra protection from cavities during the orthodontic treatment period.

6. People with limited access to dental care

   • For individuals who may not have regular access to dental visits, sealants can be a preventive measure that helps reduce the need for more expensive treatments, like fillings, in the future.

Limitations of dental sealants

• Sealants are only effective on healthy, clean teeth. They cannot be applied to teeth that have already developed cavities or to teeth that have large fillings.

• If the tooth surface is damaged or worn down, sealants may not be effective.

• If sealants aren't applied properly, they can seal in bacteria and cause cavities. 

To know more about dental sealants and preventive dental care, visit our Thomson Dental Centre for personalised advice. 

FAQ

Does getting dental sealants hurt?

The process of getting dental sealants is painless and non-invasive. It involves cleaning, drying, applying the sealant, and curing it with a special light.

Are dental sealants safe?

Dental sealants are safe and made from materials specifically approved for dental use. While some sealants contain plastic compounds, the minimal amount of BPA present is well within safety limits.

Do sealants replace the need for brushing and flossing?

No, sealants are an added layer of protection against cavities. However, daily brushing, flossing, and regular fluoride use are still essential.

Are dental sealants a permanent solution?

While dental sealants are a preventive measure, they require eventual replacement and cannot offer permanent protection against decay.

Are sealants on teeth necessary?

Dental sealants aren’t always necessary but are highly recommended for children, teens, and anyone at risk of cavities.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist by requesting an appointment with Thomson Medical today.