Receding Gum Treatment (Gum Grafts)

Gum recession can expose the tooth roots, leading to increased sensitivity, a higher risk of decay, and aesthetic concerns. What’s important is getting the right treatment of gum grafts to maintain and restore your gums to halt the progression of gum recession. 

What are gum grafts?

A gum graft (also known as gingival grafts or periodontal plastic surgery) refers to the treatment of receding gums, restoring gum tissue and providing protection to the teeth while enhancing the appearance of a smile. 

What are the types of gum graft procedures?

1. Connective tissue graft

Commonly used for treating root exposure, a flap of skin is cut at the roof of the mouth (palate) and tissue from under this flap (subepithelial connective tissue) would be removed and stitched to the gum tissue surrounding the exposed root. 

2. Free gingival graft

In this procedure, tissue is directly taken from the outer layer of the palate and attached to the receding gum area. This helps those with thin gums who need additional tissue to prevent further recession

3. Pedicle graft

This involves grafting gum tissue from tissue closer to the tooth that needs repair. A flap (pedicle) is then halfway cut so one edge is still attached as the gum is pulled over or down to cover the exposed root. Pedicle grafts are suitable for patients with plenty of gum tissue near the affected tooth.

Why do I need gum grafts?

• It protects your exposed roots from decay and damage.

• Any exposed roots would be covered, thus reducing your tooth sensitivity.

• Gum grafts enhance the appearance of your gum line and smile.

• Further gum recession, damage and bone loss are prevented in the long run. 

What is the overview of the procedure?

1. Consultation

Your dentist or periodontist may discuss your medical history and examine the extent of gum recession to determine the appropriate type of graft.

2. Preparation

Usually, local anesthesia is used to numb the treatment area and sedation may sometimes be used for patient comfort. 

3. Grafting

Tissue is harvested from the palate or nearby gum area and then grafted to the site of recession before then being secured with sutures.

4. Post-procedure care

Your dentist would prescribe pain relievers and antibiotics to prevent infection, administer a special mouthwash to control plaque and bacteria and provide instructions on maintaining oral hygiene to avoid disturbing the graft site.

Recovery and aftercare

1. Healing time

At the start, healing should take about 1-2 weeks, with full recovery in 4-6 weeks.

2. Diet

It’s advisable to eat soft, cold food immediately after the procedure while avoiding spicy, hot, or crunchy foods that might irritate the graft site.

3. Oral hygiene

In the beginning, try to avoid the graft site when gently brushing and flossing, using the antimicrobial mouthwash prescribed to you.

4. Follow-up visits

You should follow up with regular check-ups to ensure proper healing. 

What are the potential risks and complications?

• Bleeding and swelling — Common initially, but should subside in time.

• Infection — Infections are rare but possible, thus antibiotics may be prescribed to help with this.

• Graft failure — In the case of the tissue not integrating properly, a second procedure might be needed.

• Sensitivity — You may feel temporarily sensitive at the graft and donor site.

Long-term outcomes: What can I expect?

Successful gum grafts can improve gum health, reduce sensitivity, and enhance the appearance of the teeth. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are crucial to preserving the results of the graft.