Skin and Hair Changes During Pregnancy

How do your skin and hair change during pregnancy?

Pregnancy leads to significant physiological changes due to increased circulating hormones, such as oestrogens and progesterone, along with metabolic, vascular, immunological, and structural changes. Dr Tan Hiok Hee of Thomson Specialist Skin Centre provides an overview of common pregnancy-related skin and hair issues.

Skin changes during pregnancy

1. Non-facial hyperpigmentation

Non-facial hyperpigmentation occurs in up to 90% of pregnant women and is believed to be the result of increased melanocyte activity. Hyperpigmentation commonly affects the areolae, nipples, skin around the umbilicus, armpits, and inner thighs.

Most pregnant women also develop the linea nigra, a dark vertical line running from the umbilicus down to the pubic region. These sites of hyperpigmentation typically resolve gradually after delivery.

2. Melasma

Known as the "mask of pregnancy," melasma affects up to 70% of pregnant women. Grey-brown patches appear on the cheeks, forehead, and chin, causing significant distress due to aesthetic concerns. Although melasma may regress post-partum, it can persist in some individuals.

Melasma can also occur in individuals taking oral contraceptive pills.

Preventive measures include sun protection using a broad-spectrum sunscreen and sun avoidance. Consult a gynaecologist before using any topical medication or lightening agent, as some medications are unsuitable during pregnancy.

3. Stretch marks (Striae Gravidarum)

Stretch marks affect more than 50% of pregnant women and are often considered one of the most distressing pregnancy skin problems. Stretch marks develop primarily in the later stages of pregnancy on the abdomen, breasts, buttocks, and thighs. They initially appear as red or purplish bands that gradually fade to become skin-coloured bands of thinned-out skin. They result from mechanical stretching of the skin coupled with hormonal influences that alter skin elasticity. While it may be challenging to prevent stretch marks in susceptible women, regular and generous application of moisturisers, controlling weight gain, and maintaining adequate fluid intake can help.

Hair changes during pregnancy

Many women report increased hair growth during pregnancy. The hair cycle is altered, causing fewer hairs to enter the telogen (falling) phase, resulting in less hair shedding and an increased volume of scalp hair.

However, after giving birth, scalp hair enters a shedding phase (telogen effluvium) that may begin around 2 to 3 months post-delivery and last for 3 or more months. This hair shedding can be alarming, but hair will typically regrow after this phase. Occasionally, hair growth may also increase on the face, limbs, and trunk during pregnancy, but this excess growth usually disappears within six months post-delivery.

Embracing these changes and understanding their temporary nature can help manage the physical and emotional aspects of pregnancy. For personalised advice and treatment, consult a dermatologist at Thomson Specialist Skin Centre.