HbA1c Test in Singapore: Your Results, Ranges & Levels

Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) test

The HbA1c test is an important tool for diagnosing and managing diabetes, measuring your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. It works by detecting the amount of glucose attached to haemoglobin, a protein in your red blood cells.

If you're concerned about your blood sugar levels or have been diagnosed with diabetes, understanding this test can help you take control of your health. This article will explore what the HbA1c test is and all you need to know about getting tested in Singapore.

What is HbA1c?

• Haemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body, giving blood its red colour. Essentially, Normal haemoglobin without glucose attached is the form that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.

• HbA1c, or glycated haemoglobin, is a form of haemoglobin that has bonded with glucose. When glucose enters your bloodstream, it attaches to haemoglobin in your red blood cells. 

• The more glucose in your blood, the more it binds to haemoglobin. HbA1c levels reflect your average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months, providing a broader picture of your blood sugar control than daily glucose monitoring.

What does the HBA1c test measure?

1. Diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes

   • Doctors and specialists use the HbA1c test to diagnose type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, with it being especially useful because it doesn't require fasting and provides a longer-term view of your blood sugar levels.

2. Monitoring diabetes management

   • For those already diagnosed with diabetes, regular HbA1c tests help track how well your treatment plan is working. Your doctor may use the results to adjust your medications or suggest lifestyle changes.

3. Assessing long-term health risks

   • High HbA1c levels are associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related complications, such as heart disease, kidney problems, and nerve damage.

What is the normal HbA1c by age?

While HbA1c levels can vary based on individual health factors, here are general guidelines for normal HbA1c levels by age:

1. Adults (18-65 years)

   • Without diabetes: Below 5.7% (39 mmol/mol)

   • With well-controlled diabetes: Below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol)

2. Older adults (65+ years)

   • Without diabetes: Below 5.9% (41 mmol/mol)

   • With diabetes: 7.0-7.5% (53-58 mmol/mol), depending on overall health and risk of hypoglycemia

3. Children and adolescents with diabetes

   • Under 6 years: Below 8.0% (64 mmol/mol)

   • 6-12 years: Below 7.5% (58 mmol/mol)

   • 13-19 years: Below 7.5% (58 mmol/mol)

For a better understanding of your individual targets tailored to your own HbA1c specifics, arrange a consultation with a health screening specialist, by booking an appointment with our Thomson Medical Concierge.

What do HbA1c results mean?

HbA1c results are reported as a percentage or in mmol/mol. In Singapore, the following ranges are generally used:

• Normal: Below 6.0% (42 mmol/mol)

• Prediabetes: 6.0% to 6.4% (42-47 mmol/mol)

• Diabetes: 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or above

It's important to note that these are general guidelines. Your doctor will interpret your results based on your health circumstances. Consult with our Thomson Medical Concierge to book a health screening test, as your specialist can better interpret any results based on your health circumstances. 

How often should I get an HbA1c test?

1. For people without diabetes

   • If you're over 40 or have risk factors for type 2 diabetes, it's recommended to get tested every 1-3 years. 

   • Risk factors include being overweight, having a family history of diabetes, or belonging to certain ethnic groups with higher diabetes rates.

2. For people with diabetes

   • If you have diabetes, you'll typically need an HbA1c test every 3-6 months, depending on how well your blood sugar is controlled and your treatment plan.

HbA1c testing in Singapore: What you need to know

1. Where to get the HbA1c test

   • You can get an HbA1c test at polyclinics, private GP clinics, and hospitals across Singapore. Many health screening packages also include this test.

2. Cost of HbA1c testing

   • The cost of an HbA1c test in Singapore can vary depending on where you get it done. Here's a general price range:

   • The cost of a comprehensive health screening in Singapore can range from about $200 to over $1000, depending on the tests included and the doctor. Some basic packages that include HbA1c testing may start from around $100.

These prices are estimates and may change. It's always best to check with the specific doctor for the most up-to-date pricing.

Subsidies and screening programmes for HbA1c test

Singapore offers several subsidised health screening programmes that include HbA1c testing:

• Screen for Life: Eligible Singaporeans aged 40 and above can receive subsidised health screening, including HbA1c tests, for as low as $5.

• CHAS (Community Health Assist Scheme): CHAS cardholders may be eligible for subsidies on health screening tests at participating GP clinics.

Lowering your HbA1c levels

If your HbA1c levels are higher than the recommended range, don't panic. There are several steps you can take to improve your blood sugar control:

1. Healthy eating

   • Focus on a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Limit your intake of processed foods and sugary drinks.

2. Regular exercise

   • Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. This can help improve your body's insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels.

3. Medication adherence

   • If you've been prescribed diabetes medications, take them as directed by your doctor.

4. Stress management

   • Chronic stress can affect your blood sugar levels. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as meditation, yoga, or talking to a counsellor.

5. Regular monitoring

   • Keep track of your blood sugar levels at home if recommended by your doctor. This can help you understand how different foods and activities affect your blood sugar.

Remember, small changes can make a big difference in managing your HbA1c levels and overall health. Work with your specialists to develop a plan that's right for you.

Disclaimer: The information provided is for general knowledge only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, request an appointment with our specialists at Thomson Medical for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

FAQ

How do I prepare for an HbA1c test?

One of the advantages of the HbA1c test is that it doesn't require any special preparation. You don't need to fast or adjust your diet before the test.

Can I eat or drink before an HbA1c test?

Yes, you can eat and drink normally before an HbA1c test. Unlike some other blood sugar tests, the HbA1c test doesn't require fasting.

How accurate is the HbA1c test?

The HbA1c test is generally very accurate. However, certain conditions, such as anaemia or kidney disease, can affect the results. Always discuss your results with your doctor.

Can I get an MC (medical certificate) for health screening in Singapore?

Yes, most doctors in Singapore can issue an MC for health screening if requested. However, policies may vary, so it's best to check with your specific provider.