Dementia is a chronic neurological disorder that affects memory, cognitive ability, and daily function. Early detection is crucial in the successful management of the condition, and one of the most precise tools utilised to assess brain health is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. MRI brain scans help doctors detect structural and functional changes in the brain that indicate dementia.
What is an MRI brain scan for dementia?
An MRI scan is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high-resolution images of the brain. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, MRI does not use ionising radiation, making it a safe and effective tool for detecting neurological disorders.
In the context of dementia, an MRI scan allows doctors to assess specific regions of the brain that are often affected by the condition, such as the hippocampus, which plays a key role in memory formation.
One of the main signs of dementia that may appear on an MRI is cortical atrophy – a form of brain shrinkage caused by the gradual loss of neurons. This is particularly noticeable in Alzheimer's disease, where the shrinkage of brain regions responsible for memory and reasoning can be readily observed. The scan can also help identify other abnormalities, such as white matter change, small strokes, or fluid retention, which can produce or mimic dementia symptoms.
Learn more about the differences between an MRI and a CT scan.
Who needs an MRI brain scan for dementia?
A doctor may recommend an MRI brain scan if a person is experiencing persistent cognitive decline or behavioural changes, such as:
Memory loss:
Difficulty remembering recent events or conversations.
Confusion and disorientation:
Getting lost in familiar places or struggling with directions.
Difficulty concentrating:
Problems with focus, problem-solving, or completing tasks.
Changes in mood or personality:
Increased irritability, anxiety, depression, or aggression.
Poor judgement:
Making irrational financial decisions or misjudging risks.
Hallucinations or delusions:
Seeing, hearing, or believing things that are not real.
MRI scans can help rule out other conditions as well, such as brain tumours, stroke, or depression, which may cause similar cognitive symptoms.
If you or someone you care for is experiencing symptoms of memory loss, confusion, or cognitive changes, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional. Request an appointment with us for a thorough evaluation and to determine whether an MRI brain scan for dementia may be necessary.
How does dementia show up on a brain scan?
MRI scans reveal key changes in the brain that are commonly associated with dementia. These findings help doctors assess the extent of brain damage and determine the type of dementia.
Cortical atrophy (brain shrinkage)
The cerebral cortex (outer layer of the brain) becomes thinner, leading to cognitive decline.
The sulci (grooves in the brain) widen, and the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) enlarge as brain tissue is lost.
Hippocampal atrophy
The hippocampus, which plays a crucial role in memory, shrinks significantly in Alzheimer’s disease.
A smaller hippocampus is a strong indicator of Alzheimer’s disease progression and memory impairment.
White matter lesions
MRI scans may reveal white matter hyperintensities, indicating damage to small blood vessels in the brain.
These changes are common in vascular dementia, often due to poor blood circulation.
Functional brain changes:
Advanced MRI techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI), detect reduced activity in key brain areas responsible for memory and thinking.
These functional changes can help distinguish between different types of dementia.
How to prepare for an MRI brain scan?
MRI scans generally require minimal preparation, but by following specific guidelines, you can ensure a smooth experience:
Dietary guidelines:
Most MRI scans do not require fasting, but if a contrast dye is needed, fasting for a few hours may be necessary.
Clothing and accessories:
You must remove metal objects such as jewellery, watches, piercings, and hairpins, as metal can interfere with the MRI machine.
Medical implants:
You should inform their doctor if they have any pacemakers, artificial joints, or surgical implants, as some may not be MRI-compatible.
Claustrophobia and anxiety:
If you feel anxious in enclosed spaces, you should discuss sedation or relaxation techniques with your doctor before the scan.
What happens during an MRI brain scan?
The procedure is safe, non-invasive, and typically lasts between 30 to 60 minutes. While the process may feel unfamiliar, knowing each step in advance can help patients feel more at ease. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of what usually happens during an MRI brain scan for dementia evaluation:
Changing into a hospital gown:
You will be required to wear a hospital gown to prevent interference with metallic clothing.
Positioning on the MRI table:
The patient lies on a motorised table, which slides into the MRI scanner.
You should remain as still as possible so that detailed images are obtained.
Breath-holding instructions:
Patients may be asked to hold their breath for short intervals (up to 30 seconds) to improve image clarity.
Loud noises from the scanner:
The MRI machine produces loud knocking or buzzing sounds due to the movement of its magnetic coils.
Patients can request earplugs or noise-cancelling headphones to reduce discomfort.
Emergency alert button:
You are given an alarm button to press if you experience discomfort during the scan.
Use of contrast dye (if required):
Some MRI scans require contrast dye (gadolinium-based agents) to enhance image clarity.
If the patient experiences itching, nausea, or dizziness, they should notify the MRI technician immediately.
Price of an MRI brain scan for dementia in Singapore
The cost of an MRI brain scan for dementia in Singapore is different depending on a variety of factors, including the physician, if contrast dye is used or not, and if the scan is conducted at a public or private facility.
At subsidised rates in public hospitals, an MRI brain scan ranges between SGD 300 and SGD 600. This may be higher in some instances for non-subsidised patients or referrals from private clinics.
Private facilities or hospitals range from about SGD 800 upwards to more than SGD 1,500, depending on the complexity of the scan as well as whether specialist consultation is included or not.
Some important factors that may affect the total cost include:
Whether the scan includes the use of contrast agents
The need for specialist interpretation or follow-up consultation
Urgency of the scan (e.g., same-day vs. scheduled appointment)
Inclusion of pre- or post-scan services, such as cognitive assessments
Patients may use MediSave to offset part of the cost, especially if the scan is medically indicated. However, coverage amounts and eligibility vary, so it is advisable to check with your healthcare provider or the relevant institution beforehand.
Where to get an MRI brain scan for dementia in Singapore?
MRI brain scans for dementia are available at public hospitals, private hospitals, and imaging centres in Singapore. For subsidised rates, public hospitals mostly require a doctor’s referral, usually from a polyclinic. For faster appointments, private hospitals as well as imaging centres usually offer MRI scans without long waiting times.
To book an MRI, consult your doctor for a referral or contact a private imaging centre directly. It is recommended to check the cost and MediSave eligibility before proceeding.
Learn more about the differences between Urgent Care Centre, A&E, GP, and 24-Hour Clinics.
At Thomson Medical, we provide MRI brain scans to assist doctors in assessing brain health and cognitive conditions. If you are experiencing symptoms of cognitive decline or are at risk of dementia, request an appointment with us to determine if an MRI scan is suitable for further evaluation.
Risks of MRI brain scans
MRI scans are generally safe, but there are some potential risks to consider:
Loud noise:
MRI scanners produce intense knocking sounds, which may cause discomfort.
Claustrophobia and anxiety:
Patients with claustrophobia may feel anxious inside the enclosed MRI scanner.
Discussing sedation or open MRI options with the doctor can help manage anxiety.
Allergic reactions to contrast dye (If used):
Rare reactions include:
Nausea or dizziness
Skin rashes or hives
Flushed skin or shortness of breath
Stress or discomfort during the scan:
Patients may feel nervous or stressed while lying still inside the MRI machine.
Practising deep breathing techniques can help reduce anxiety.
FAQ
Can you see dementia on an MRI?
Yes, an MRI scan can detect dementia-related changes, such as brain shrinkage (atrophy) and damaged blood vessels, which help doctors assess cognitive decline.
What are the 3 standard imaging tests done to diagnose dementia?
The three standard imaging tests used to help diagnose many forms of dementia are computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. These scans allow doctors to view changes in the brain's structure, blood flow, and brain activity, which may indicate the presence of dementia.
What is the best test to detect dementia?
There is no single test that can diagnose dementia. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of assessments, including cognitive tests, neurological examinations, and brain imaging.
Cognitive tests evaluate how your brain thinks, remembers, communicates, and reasons. Common examples include:
Mini-mental state examination (MMSE)
Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)
Self-administered gerocognitive examination (SAGE)
Neurological tests assess your reflexes, coordination, balance, and sensory function. Your doctor may ask you to perform certain movements and use a tendon hammer to test your reflexes.
Brain imaging tests such as CT, MRI, and PET scans help identify physical changes in the brain, including shrinkage or vascular damage, which can support the diagnosis of dementia.
How can a neurologist tell if you have dementia?
A neurologist diagnoses dementia by evaluating your symptoms and medical history and performing cognitive and neurological tests. They may assess your memory, thinking, and coordination and speak with a caregiver for more insights.
Brain imaging, such as an MRI or CT scan, is often used to detect changes in the brain linked to dementia, like shrinkage or blood vessel damage. Blood tests may also be done to rule out other possible causes.
How can I slow down dementia naturally?
While dementia cannot be cured, adopting healthy habits in your daily life may help slow its progression. These include lifestyle changes, nutritional support, and stress and sleep management.
Some recommended healthy lifestyle habits include:
Regular physical activity
A balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats
Mental stimulation through puzzles, reading, learning new skills, and memory games.
Brain-boosting nutrients include:
Omega-3-rich foods such as salmon, walnuts, flaxseeds, and avocados
Vitamin E sources like almonds, spinach, and sunflower seeds
Curcumin from turmeric, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help reduce amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer’s disease
Moreover, good sleep and relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can support brain health and reduce stress, which may help slow cognitive decline.
What is the MRI dementia protocol?
The MRI dementia protocol refers to a set of MRI sequences designed to assess the brain for signs of neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases are often progressive and affect brain function over time.
The protocol includes sequences that evaluate brain structure, volume, and abnormalities linked to various types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
An MRI dementia protocol is useful in identifying patterns of brain atrophy and damage, which helps healthcare providers differentiate between dementia types and plan appropriate treatment and care.
The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Request an appointment with Thomson Medical today.
For more information, contact us:
Thomson Specialists Paragon (Health Screening)
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Call: 6735 0300
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