Bunions: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

What are bunions?

Do you feel painful lumps growing on the sides of your feet? Is your big toe feeling sore and tender? You might be suffering from a medical condition known as bunions. Bunions, or hallux valgus, are bony bumps that form on the joint at the base of the big toe. They develop gradually and can cause significant discomfort over time.

Symptoms of bunions

• Visible bump: 

  • A noticeable bump forms at the base of the big toe. This is usually the first sign of a bunion developing.

• Pain and tenderness: 

  • The area around the bunion may become swollen, painful, or tender to touch, especially when walking or wearing tight shoes.

• Redness and swelling: 

  • The skin around the bunion may become red and inflamed due to pressure and friction from shoes.

• Limited movement: 

  • The big toe may have restricted motion and, in severe cases, may start to drift toward the other toes, affecting foot function.

• Calluses: 

  • Calluses or corns can develop where the toes overlap or where the shoe rubs against the bunion.

If you're experiencing any of the symptoms above, request for an appointment with our specialists at Thomson Medical for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plans.

Causes of bunions

Several factors can contribute to the development of bunions, including:

• Genetics: 

  • Bunions often run in families. If your parents or grandparents have had bunions, you may be more likely to develop them too.

• Foot structure: 

  • Certain foot shapes, such as flat feet or overly flexible joints, increase the likelihood of bunions forming.

• Improper footwear: 

  • Wearing shoes that are too tight, narrow, or have high heels can contribute to bunion formation by crowding the toes and putting pressure on the joint.

• Arthritis: 

  • Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, which cause inflammation of the joints, can increase the risk of developing bunions.

• Injury: 

  • Previous trauma or injury to the foot can alter the structure and lead to bunion formation over time.

Treatment for bunions

Treatment options for bunions vary depending on the severity of the condition. They range from conservative measures to surgical intervention.

Conservative treatments:

• Footwear modifications: 

  • Wearing wide-toed shoes that provide adequate support can help relieve pressure on the bunion.

• Orthotics: 

  • Custom-made shoe inserts can help correct foot mechanics and prevent the bunion from worsening.

• Padding and taping: 

  • Protective pads and taping methods can help reduce friction and pain when walking.

• Medication: 

  • Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or paracetamol can reduce inflammation and discomfort.

• Icing: 

  • Applying ice to the bunion can help reduce swelling and pain, especially after prolonged standing or walking.

• Physical therapy: 

  • Certain exercises and stretches can help maintain mobility and strengthen the surrounding muscles.

Surgical treatment:

• Minimally invasive surgery: 

  • Some patients may qualify for a less invasive procedure that involves smaller incisions and faster recovery times. Doctors will usually only recommend surgery in cases where conservative treatments are ineffective and the pain significantly impacts daily activities.

• Bunionectomy: 

  • In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the alignment of the bones and relieve pain. The procedure involves removing the bony bump and realigning the toe joint.

For further a personalised treatment plan for your bunions, request for an appointment with our specialists. 

Are there ways to prevent bunions?

Preventing bunions involves taking care of your feet. Here are some steps that you can take to maintain your foot health:

• Wear well-fitted shoes with a wide toe box.

• Avoid high heels for prolonged periods.

• Use orthotic inserts if you have foot alignment issues.

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your feet.

• Strengthen and stretch your feet with exercises to keep them flexible.

Bunionectomy can be an effective solution for those suffering from severe bunions. With proper medical guidance and postoperative care, many patients experience significant improvement in their quality of life. To discuss whether this procedure might be suitable for you, request for an appointment with our experienced specialists at Thomson Medical.

FAQ

Can bunions go away on their own?

No, bunions do not go away on their own. They are progressive, meaning they can worsen over time. However, with early intervention and proper care, their progression can be slowed and symptoms managed.

Can I shrink bunions naturally?

There are several natural methods that can help shrink bunions or alleviate the symptoms, including changing footwear, medication, icing, and physical therapy. While these methods may not completely eliminate your bunions, they can still help alleviate pain and slow down bunion growth. For best results, you should consult a medical professional who can determine the best treatment suited for your specific situation. 

Is bunion surgery painful?

Like any surgery, there is some discomfort associated with bunion surgery. However, advances in surgical techniques have made the procedure less painful than in the past, and most patients can manage pain with prescribed medication and proper post-operative care.

How long does it take to recover from bunion surgery?

Recovery time varies, but it typically takes between 6 to 12 weeks. During this period, you may need to wear a surgical boot or special shoe to protect the foot while it heals. Your doctor may also prescribe physical therapy to help restore mobility. 

Can bunions come back after surgery?

If you don't fix issues like poor footwear or foot mechanics, bunions can return even after surgery. Following your surgeon's advice and wearing proper shoes can help prevent this. 

Are bunions hereditary?

Yes, bunions can run in families because foot structure is inherited. If your family has a history of bunions, it's important to wear proper shoes and practice healthy lifestyle habits such as exercise to prevent bunions from forming later in life.

Can I exercise with bunions?

Yes, you can still exercise, but it’s important to choose low-impact activities that avoid putting excessive stress on your feet. Swimming, cycling, and using an elliptical machine are excellent alternatives to running or high-impact sports, which can aggravate bunions. Make sure to wear supportive, properly fitting shoes during any exercise.

Can bunions affect other parts of the body?

Yes, bunions can alter the way you walk, which may lead to pain in other areas such as the ankles, knees, hips, and lower back. When your foot mechanics change due to the bunion, it can impact your overall posture and gait, leading to discomfort in these areas.

Do bunions only affect the big toe?

While bunions most commonly affect the big toe, a similar condition called a bunionette or tailor’s bunion can develop on the outside of the foot near the base of the little toe. A bunionette causes similar symptoms but affects the smaller toe.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist by requesting an appointment with Thomson Medical today.