Spine Surgery in Singapore: A Comprehensive Guide

What is spine surgery?

Spine surgery is a medical procedure used to correct problems related to the spinal cord and surrounding structures. It is often considered when conservative treatments like medication, physical therapy, or injections fail to alleviate chronic pain or severe spinal issues.

Types of spine surgery

Discectomy

A discectomy involves the removal of a portion of a herniated or damaged disc that is pressing on a nerve root or the spinal cord. It is commonly performed for patients with herniated discs causing significant pain and nerve compression.

Laminectomy

This procedure removes part of the vertebra called the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. Laminectomy is often performed in patients with spinal stenosis, a condition where the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves.

Spinal fusion

Spinal fusion is performed to join two or more vertebrae together, eliminating movement between them. It is often used to treat instability, severe arthritis, or fractures in the spine. It involves placing bone grafts or implants between the vertebrae to encourage the bones to fuse over time. 

Foraminotomy

A foraminotomy involves enlarging the space where the nerve roots exit the spine (the foramina). This procedure is often performed to relieve pressure on nerves caused by herniated discs or bone spurs.

Artificial disc replacement

In this procedure, a damaged or degenerated spinal disc is replaced with an artificial disc. This is often done in patients with degenerative disc disease, as it helps maintain spine flexibility while alleviating pain.

Kyphoplasty/Vertebroplasty

These are minimally invasive procedures used to treat spinal fractures caused by osteoporosis. A special cement-like material is injected into the vertebra to stabilise the fracture and relieve pain.

Scoliosis surgery

Scoliosis surgery is performed to correct an abnormal curvature of the spine. This often involves spinal fusion, with rods and screws used to stabilise and straighten the spine.

 If you're experiencing symptoms such as persistent back pain, request for an appointment with our specialists at Thomson Medical for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

Recovery after spine surgery

Recovery time

Recovery times vary depending on the type of surgery performed.

• Discectomy and laminectomy: 

  • 4-6 weeks for light activities; full recovery in 2–3 months.

• Spinal fusion: 

  • 3–6 months or longer due to the bone healing process.

• Foraminotomy: 

  • Full recovery may take up to 3–6 months, particularly if the procedure was extensive.

• Artificial disc replacement: 

  • 6–12 weeks for light activities; up to 6 months for complete recovery.

• Kyphoplasty/Vertebroplasty: 

  • Recovery is typically faster, often within a few days to a week.

• Scoliosis surgery: 

  • Full recovery can take up to 6 months or longer. After surgery, you may need a brace.

Post-surgery care

• Pain management: 

  • Pain relief is typically provided through medications. Sometimes, muscle relaxants or anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

• Physical therapy: 

  • Rehabilitation exercises are critical for restoring strength and flexibility. A physical therapist will guide patients through safe exercises to improve mobility and reduce stiffness.

• Activity restrictions: 

  • Patients should avoid heavy lifting, bending, twisting, and strenuous activity during recovery. Walking is encouraged to promote circulation and prevent blood clots.

• Lifestyle changes: 

  • Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular low-impact exercises, and practising good posture can help prevent further spine issues.

Cost of spine surgery in Singapore

The cost of spine surgery in Singapore can vary significantly based on the type of procedure, the hospital, and whether it is a public or private healthcare facility. Below is an overview of typical costs for common spine surgeries in Singapore:

• Discectomy

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $8,000 – $15,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $20,000 – $40,000

• Laminectomy

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $10,000 – $18,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $25,000 – $50,000

• Spinal Fusion

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $15,000 – $30,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $30,000 – $80,000

• Foraminotomy

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $10,000 – $20,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $25,000 – $45,000

• Artificial Disc Replacement

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $18,000 – $35,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $40,000 – $80,000

• Kyphoplasty/Vertebroplasty

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $8,000 – $15,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $20,000 – $40,000

• Scoliosis Surgery

  • Public Hospital (subsidised): SGD $25,000 – $40,000

  • Private Hospital: SGD $50,000 – $120,000

Spine surgery can be an effective solution for those suffering from chronic back or neck pain. With proper medical guidance and postoperative care, many patients experience significant improvement in their quality of life. To discuss whether this procedure might be suitable for you, request for an appointment with our experienced specialists at Thomson Medical today.

FAQ

What are the most common spine surgeries?

The most common spine surgeries include spinal fusion and decompression procedures, such as laminectomy and discectomy. These surgeries are essential for alleviating pain and improving mobility in patients with various spinal disorders.

How serious is spine surgery?

Spine surgery carries various risks and potential complications, making it a serious medical procedure. The overall complication rate can be significant, and studies suggest that about 25% of patients may experience post-surgery complications based on factors such as age and the complexity of the procedure. As such, while spine surgery can benefit many patients, you must carefully consider the risks before proceeding. 

When is spine surgery necessary?

Surgery is generally recommended when conservative treatments fail to relieve symptoms such as chronic back or neck pain, weakness, numbness, or loss of bowel or bladder control. Severe conditions like spinal fractures, herniated discs, scoliosis, and spinal stenosis may also require surgery. 

Is spine surgery safe?

While spine surgery has become increasingly safe due to advances in technology and surgical techniques, like any surgery, it carries risks. These can include infection, bleeding, blood clots, nerve damage, and adverse reactions to anaesthesia. However, the benefits often outweigh the risks when performed by an experienced surgeon.

How long do I need to stay in the hospital after spine surgery?

Hospital stays depend on the type of surgery. Minimally invasive procedures may require a 1–2 day stay, while more complex surgeries like spinal fusion may require 3–5 days. Outpatient surgeries like discectomy or kyphoplasty may allow you to go home the same day. 

Will I need physical therapy after spine surgery?

Yes, physical therapy is an essential part of the recovery process. It helps you regain strength, flexibility, and mobility in the spine. A personalised rehabilitation programme will be developed based on your condition and surgery.

What should I eat after spine surgery?

After a major procedure such as spine surgery, it is essential to focus on a nutritious diet to support healing and recovery. Here are key dietary recommendations:

• High protein intake: 

  • Incorporate lean proteins such as chicken, fish, eggs, legumes, and tofu to aid tissue repair. Protein is crucial for recovery, so consider protein-rich smoothies or shakes as well.

• Healthy fats: 

  • Include sources of healthy fats like olive oil, avocados, nuts, and seeds, which help with vitamin absorption and immune function.

• Fruits and vegetables: 

  • Aim for a variety of colourful fruits and vegetables to provide essential vitamins (like Vitamin C for connective tissue) and minerals that promote healing. Foods high in antioxidants can also help reduce inflammation.

• Complex carbohydrates: 

  • Choose whole grains such as brown rice, quinoa, and whole-wheat bread for sustained energy and to prevent muscle breakdown. Avoid simple carbohydrates that can lead to energy crashes.

• Fibre and hydration: 

  • High-fibre foods like beans, lentils, berries, and leafy greens are important to prevent constipation, a common issue after surgery. Additionally, staying hydrated is crucial for overall recovery.

• Frequent small meals: 

  • Eating smaller meals throughout the day can help maintain energy levels and ensure adequate nutrient intake without overwhelming the digestive system.

Following these dietary guidelines can significantly enhance recovery after spine surgery by providing the necessary nutrients for healing and overall health.

Can I resume normal activities after spine surgery?

Full recovery can take several months, and you will need to gradually ease back into daily activities. Most patients can return to light work and activities such as driving within 4–6 weeks, but it may take up to 6 months for more physically demanding activities. It is crucial to follow your surgeon's and physical therapist’s guidelines.

What are the long-term outcomes of spine surgery?

Most people experience significant relief from pain and improved quality of life after spine surgery. However, outcomes vary depending on the individual and the type of surgery performed. Some patients may experience residual discomfort or need further surgery in the future. 

What are the alternatives to spine surgery?

Alternatives include medications, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, chiropractic care, and lifestyle changes (weight management, posture correction, etc.). Surgery is usually considered a last resort after non-surgical treatments fail.

Is minimally invasive spine surgery an option for me?

Many spine surgeries can now be performed using minimally invasive techniques, which typically involve smaller incisions, reduced recovery time, and less risk of complications. Your surgeon will determine if this is an option based on your condition.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist by requesting an appointment with Thomson Medical today.