What is Early Pregnancy Assessment?

An early pregnancy assessment is an essential component of prenatal care, providing valuable information about the health and progress of the pregnancy, ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing foetus by identifying potential issues early on. 

What is an early pregnancy assessment (EPA)?

The early pregnancy assessment ensures the health of both the mother and baby through a series of evaluations designed to confirm the pregnancy, viability, and gestational age while identifying potential issues early. Typically occurring in the first trimester, the early pregnancy assessment helps in planning prenatal care for the mother and the baby.

Generally, the early pregnancy assessment is recommended by your gynaecologist if you face concerns such as vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, or have a prior history of pregnancy complications. 

What can you expect during an early pregnancy assessment?

An early pregnancy assessment includes a series of tests, such as:

1) Medical history and symptom review

Your gynaecologist will ask you about any previous pregnancies, medical conditions, family medical history, and any other information that will give them a better understanding of your current condition. A symptom review will also be carried out to discuss pregnancy symptoms such as vomiting or breast tenderness.

2) Physical examination 

A pelvic exam and general health check, such as blood pressure monitoring and body index analysis will be done.

3) Blood and urine tests

A variety of blood tests and urine tests will be done to confirm the pregnancy and to obtain detailed information of the pregnancy’s progression. Blood tests can also inform your doctor of any infections, potential complications, and signs of gestational diabetes. 

4) Ultrasound

Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasounds are done to monitor foetal development and help detect any possible complications, such as an ectopic pregnancy.

Why is the early pregnancy assessment important?

An early pregnancy assessment is not compulsory for all pregnant women, but it is a crucial test for detecting potential problems and assessing the viability of the pregnancy. 

1) Pregnancy confirmation 

The first step is the confirmation of your pregnancy through a urine or blood test for the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

2) Determining viability

An ultrasound would be done to check for the foetal heartbeat and ensure that the pregnancy is developing normally.

3) Identifying multiple pregnancies

An ultrasound can also detect if the mother is carrying twins or multiples.

4) Estimating gestational age

Knowing the exact date and stage of your pregnancy helps monitor the development and schedule further tests and scans.

5) Screening for complications

Early assessments help in identifying issues such as ectopic pregnancies, molar pregnancies, or other abnormalities that may require immediate attention.

FAQ

When should I schedule my first prenatal appointment?

You should ideally schedule your first appointment as soon as you suspect you are pregnant or have a positive pregnancy test. Typically, the first visit occurs around 6-8 weeks of gestation.

What should I expect during my first ultrasound?

During your first ultrasound, the healthcare provider will look for a foetal heartbeat, measure the embryo, and confirm the gestational age, also helping to identify any early complications.

Can an early pregnancy assessment detect genetic conditions?

While the assessment focuses on the health of the pregnancy, some blood tests can screen for genetic conditions. More detailed genetic testing is typically done later in the first trimester.

Is it normal to have cramps during early pregnancy?

Mild cramping can be normal as the uterus stretches and grows, but severe cramping followed by bleeding may indicate a problem and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

How can I prepare for my early pregnancy assessment?

Bring a list of your medications, any known medical conditions, the date of your last menstrual period and any questions or concerns you may have.