Vaginal Discharge: Causes, Colours, and Treatments

What is normal vaginal discharge?

Vaginal discharge, also known as leukorrhea, is a fluid that typically appears clear or whitish. This fluid is produced by glands inside vagina, cervix and uterus, serving an essential housekeeping function in the female reproductive system. It helps carry away dead cells and bacteria, keeping the vagina clean and healthy. 

Most of the time, vaginal discharge is perfectly normal. Its colour and consistency may vary throughout the month. Different age groups may experience different amounts of vaginal discharge. Factors such as breastfeeding, ovulating and even sexual arousal can influence the texture and amount of vaginal discharge. 

Understanding the types and causes of vaginal discharge is important. Here’s a breakdown of what you need to know and when to seek medical advice.

What is abnormal vaginal discharge?

Vaginal discharge is considered abnormal when you notice a significant change in the smell, colour, texture. Signs to look out for include:

• Fishy odour

• Frothy or cottage cheese-like consistency

• Turns a shade of grey, green or yellow 

• Vaginal discharge with burning, itching or pain sensation

What are different types of vaginal discharge and their possible causes?

Normal vaginal discharge is typically watery, clear or whitish and often varies with hormonal changes due to your menstrual cycles, pregnancy or menopause. However, a change in colour or consistency can indicate a potential issue. Here are some types of discharges and their possible causes:

• Blood or brown

  • May indicate irregular menstrual cycles, or could be associated with conditions such endometrial or cervical cancer 

• Yellow-green

  • Often suggests a bacterial infection like trichomoniasis 

• Cream cheese, thick and curdy

  • Characteristics of candidiasis (yeast infection) 

• White liquid

  • Commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis, a type of bacterial infection

What is the treatment for abnormal vaginal discharge?

The treatment for vaginal discharge depends on its underlying cause. Before prescribing treatment, your healthcare provider may take a sample of the discharge or do a Pap smear test to collect cells from your cervix. The sample will then be sent to the laboratory for diagnosis. 

Here are some common treatment options based on the cause:

• Bacterial infection

  • Treated with antibiotics cream or pills

• Yeast infection

  • Treatment with antifungal pessary that can be inserted into your vagina

FAQ

When should I go to the doctor for an abnormal discharge?

Schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider if you notice any major changes in the colour, texture and amount of vaginal discharge. This can include a foul-smelling or fishy odour, a frothy or cottage cheese-like consistency, or if it turns a shade of grey, green or yellow.

Is it normal to have a lot of vaginal discharge every day?

It is normal for vaginal discharge to vary in amount from time to time. However, it can be abnormal if you notice a sudden unusual large amount of vaginal discharge. It is important to consult your healthcare provider as it may signify a sign of infection. 

How to prevent abnormal vaginal discharge?

To reduce your chances of developing vaginal infections and abnormal discharge, consider the following preventative measures:

• Keep your vagina clean by gentle washing with water and mild soap outside. It is not necessary to put soap directly into your vagina. 

• Avoid douching and using feminine products or sprays in your vagina area.

• After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back to avoid bacteria entering your vagina and causing infection. 

• Wear loose-fitting clothing to promote airflow and comfort.

• Change your undergarments frequently to maintain hygiene.

• Practise safe sex by wearing condoms to prevent infections. 

Does douching reduce vaginal discharge?

Douching is a method to wash out vagina, with a mixture of water and vinegar. There are various types of douches containing antiseptics and fragrances sold in the supermarkets and drugstores. However, douching is ineffective to get rid of the strong unpleasant odour of vaginal discharge. In fact, douching increases the risk of infection. 

Will abnormal vaginal discharge go away on its own?

Abnormal vaginal discharge will not go away on its own if it is caused by infection. It is advisable for you to seek medical attention if you experience abnormal vaginal discharge. 

Keeping an eye on your vaginal discharge can help you track what’s typical for your body and notice any changes promptly. Anything out of the ordinary should be discussed or consulted with your healthcare provider. Remember, diagnosing and treating infections early can prevent long-term complications.