Cervical Cancer Discharge: What It Looks & Smells Like & What It Means

What is cervical cancer discharge? 

Cervical cancer discharge can be an early warning sign of cervical cancer but may also result from less serious conditions. Unusual or persistent changes in vaginal discharge, especially when accompanied by symptoms like bleeding or pelvic pain, could signal a cervical health issue. Recognising the characteristics of cervical cancer discharge, understanding its potential causes, and knowing when to seek medical evaluation is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

For detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for cervical cancer, please click here.

Causes of cervical cancer discharge

Cervical cancer discharge occurs due to changes in the cervix caused by cancerous or precancerous conditions. Here are several common causes:

1. Abnormal cell growth: Cancerous cells growing on the cervix can cause tissue damage, leading to unusual discharge.

2. Cervical inflammation: Chronic inflammation from infections or abnormal cells can trigger discharge.

3. Tissue breakdown: In advanced cervical cancer, damaged tissues may break down, causing foul-smelling or bloody discharge.

4. Tumor-related bleeding: Tumors can damage nearby blood vessels, leading to bloody or pink-tinged discharge.

5. Infections: A weakened cervix due to cancer may be more prone to bacterial infections, causing yellow-green or pus-like discharge.

6. Hormonal changes: Cancer or its treatments may affect hormones, altering vaginal discharge.

What does cervical cancer discharge look and smell like?

Vaginal discharge is a natural bodily function that varies in color, consistency, and amount throughout a woman’s menstrual period. However, certain changes in vaginal discharge can signal underlying health issues, including cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. Here are some key characteristics to watch for:

1. Watery or thin discharge

   • In the early stages of cervical cancer, discharge may become more watery or thinner than usual. It’s often clear or light-coloured and may not have a strong smell, but its constant presence could be a warning sign.

2. Bloody or pink-tinged discharge

   • Discharge mixed with blood can appear pink, red, or brown. This type of discharge may happen between normal periods or after sexual activity, which is not normal and should be checked by a doctor.

3. Foul-smelling discharge

   • As cervical cancer develops, the discharge may develop a strong, unpleasant odor. This can happen when cancerous tissues break down and is a serious sign that needs medical attention.

4. Increased amount of discharge

   • If you notice a sudden increase in vaginal discharge that isn’t related to your menstrual cycle and doesn’t go away, it could be a sign of cervical issues.

Learn more about the different types of vaginal discharge and they mean here.

Diagnostic tests for diagnosing cervical cancer 

If cervical cancer is suspected due to symptoms like abnormal vaginal discharge, healthcare providers may perform several diagnostic tests to determine the cause and assess the severity of the condition. Here are the most common diagnostic procedures used:

1. Pap smear (Pap test)

   • A Pap smear is a routine screening test that checks for abnormal cells on the cervix. During this test, a healthcare provider gently collects cervical cells using a small brush. These cells are then examined under a microscope to detect any precancerous or cancerous changes. Regular Pap smears are essential for early detection of cervical abnormalities.

2. HPV test

   • The human papilloma virus (HPV) test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains known to cause cervical cancer. This test is often performed alongside a Pap smear, especially in women over 30 or those with abnormal Pap results. Identifying HPV early can help prevent the development of cervical cancer.

3. Colposcopy

   • If a Pap smear or HPV test shows abnormal results, a colposcopy may be recommended. This procedure involves using a special magnifying device called a colposcope to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for any suspicious areas. It allows the healthcare provider to detect abnormal tissue that may not be visible during a routine exam.

4. Cervical biopsy

   • If abnormal areas are detected during a colposcopy, the doctor may perform a cervical biopsy. This involves taking a small tissue sample from the cervix for detailed analysis in a laboratory. A biopsy is the most definitive way to confirm or rule out cervical cancer.

Regular screenings for gynaecology cancer plays a critical role in preventing and detecting cervical cancer at its earliest stages.

When should you see a doctor about cervical cancer discharge?

Vaginal discharge is a normal bodily function that helps maintain vaginal health by removing dead cells and bacteria. However, certain changes in discharge can indicate an underlying health issue, including infections or serious conditions like cervical cancer. It’s important to see a healthcare provider if you notice any of the following symptoms:

1. Persistent or unusual strong odor, colour, or texture

   • If your vaginal discharge has a strong, unpleasant odor, changes in color (such as yellow-green, gray, or bloody), or an unusual consistency (thick, clumpy, or frothy), it could signal an infection, hormonal imbalance, or more serious conditions like cervical abnormalities.

2. Vaginal bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or post-menopause

   • Spotting abnormal bleeding outside of your normal menstrual cycle, especially bleeding after sex or following menopause, should never be ignored. This can be a symptom of cervical inflammation, infection, or even cervical cancer.

3. Pelvic pain or discomfort

   • Persistent pelvic pain, pressure, or cramping not related to your menstrual cycle may indicate an infection, fibroids, or a more serious condition like pelvic inflammatory disease or cervical cancer.

4. Pain during intercourse (Dyspareunia)

   • Experiencing pain during sex can be a warning sign of cervical irritation, vaginal dryness, or more concerning conditions like cervical cancer or advanced infections.

Seeking medical advice as soon as these above-mentioned signs can lead to early cervical cancer diagnosis and effective treatment. If you’re experiencing any of these warning signs, request for an appointment with us today for a comprehensive evaluation and personalised care from our experienced gynaecologists. Early detection can make a critical difference in your long-term health.

FAQ

Is abnormal vaginal discharge always a sign of cervical cancer?

No, abnormal vaginal discharge isn’t always a sign of cervical cancer. It can be caused by common conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, hormonal changes, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, if the discharge is persistent, has an unusual color, smell, or texture, or comes with other symptoms like vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for evaluation. Early detection can help identify serious issues, including early-stage cervical cancer.

Is discharge an early sign of cervical cancer?

In the early stages, cervical cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, one of the early warning signs can be an increase in watery discharge or light spotting between periods. As the cancer progresses, the discharge may become more persistent, contain blood, or develop a foul odor.

Can cervical cancer cause foul-smelling discharge?

Yes, foul-smelling vaginal discharge can occur in advanced stages of cervical cancer due to tissue breakdown or infection. A strong, unpleasant odor is often a serious warning sign that requires immediate medical attention.

Can cervical cancer discharge be treated?

Managing abnormal discharge caused by cervical cancer involves treating the cancer itself. Depending on the stage, treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Early diagnosis increases the chances of successful treatment and symptom control.

How do I know if my discharge is abnormal?

Vaginal discharge is considered abnormal if it changes color (pink, brown, green), has a strong or unpleasant odor, or is accompanied by symptoms like itching, burning, pelvic pain, or bleeding. If these changes persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider for an evaluation.

Can cervical infections cause discharge similar to cervical cancer?

Yes, infections such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can cause abnormal vaginal discharge that may resemble cervical cancer discharge. However, infections are usually accompanied by other common symptoms like itching, burning, or vaginal discomfort. It’s important to get any unusual discharge checked to rule out serious conditions.

Does discharge continue after cervical cancer treatment?

Yes, vaginal discharge may continue temporarily after cervical cancer treatment, especially following procedures like surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. This is often due to the body’s healing process. The discharge may be watery, light pink, or have a mild odor, depending on the type of treatment received.

However, as the body recovers, the discharge typically lessens and eventually stops. Persistent or foul-smelling discharge after treatment could signal an infection or complications, so regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor recovery and address any concerns early.

Disclaimer: The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Request for an appointment with Thomson Medical today.