Birth Control Pills Guide 2024: Types, Effectiveness, Pros & Cons

What are birth control pills?

Oral contraceptive pills, also known as birth control pills, are a popular and effective method of contraception that contains hormones designed to prevent pregnancy.

Suppose you are considering using OCPs or simply want to learn more about them. In that case, this guide will provide you with comprehensive information about their types, effectiveness, benefits, and potential side effects.

How does the birth control pill work?

They work by altering the body's natural hormonal balance to inhibit ovulation, changing the cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg, and modifying the uterine lining to prevent implantation of a fertilised egg.

Types of birth control pills

There are two main types of oral contraceptive pills:

1. Combination pills:

   • These pills contain both oestrogen and progesterone hormones.

   • Popular brands include Ortho Tri-Cyclen, Yasmin, and Loestrin.

   • They work by preventing ovulation, altering cervical mucus, and changing the uterine lining.

2. Progestogen-only pills (mini-pills):

   • These pills contain only progestogen hormones.

   • Brands include Micronor and Jolivette.

   • They primarily work by thickening cervical mucus and, in some cases, suppressing ovulation.

How effective are birth control pills?

When used correctly and consistently, oral contraceptive pills are highly effective in preventing pregnancy. Even with perfect use, birth control pills are more than 99% effective. Accounting for human error, the typical use effectiveness rate is about 91%.

This means that out of 100 people using the pill over a year, approximately 9 may become pregnant with typical use. As such, it is crucial to take the pill as directed to maximise its effectiveness.

How to take birth control pills?

The bedrock of birth control pill efficacy lies in unwavering adherence. Read the prescribed leaflet carefully in order to understand how to best take the pills regularly.

• Take one pill orally at approximately the same time every day.

• It's often helpful to take the pill with food or immediately after a meal to reduce the chance of nausea.

• Read the information leaflet inside your pill packet carefully. It contains important information about how to take the pills and what to do in special situations, such as if you miss a pill or experience vomiting.

• If you're starting the pill for the first time, consult with your doctor about when to begin taking it and whether you need to use backup contraception initially.

Consult with a Thomson Medical gynaecologist to learn more about how to take your prescribed birth control pills. 

Potential side effects

Like all medications, oral contraceptive pills can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Most side effects are mild and often subside after the first few months of use. It's important to discuss any concerns or persistent side effects with your doctor. 

1. Common side effects may include:

   • Nausea

   • Breast tenderness

   • Headaches

   • Mood changes

   • Irregular bleeding

   • Spotting

2. Serious side effects are rare but can include:

   • Blood clots

   • High blood pressure

   • A slightly elevated risk of certain cancers

Pros and cons of birth control pills

1. Pros

   • High effectiveness: When used correctly, birth control pills are one of the most reliable forms of reversible contraception.

   • Menstrual benefits: Many users experience reduced menstrual cramps, more regular cycles, and lighter periods.

   • Reversible: Fertility typically returns quickly after stopping the pill.

   • Convenience: Easy to use and doesn't interfere with sexual spontaneity.

2. Cons

   • Daily commitment: Effectiveness relies on consistent, daily use.

   • Potential side effects: Some users may experience side effects, although these are often mild and temporary.

   • No STI protection: Birth control pills do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

   • Medical supervision: Requires a prescription and regular check-ups with a doctor.

Obtaining birth control pills in Singapore

In Singapore, oral contraceptive pills require a prescription from your doctor. This ensures that you receive a thorough consultation and a pill that's appropriate for your individual health needs. Once you have a prescription, you can purchase birth control pills at pharmacies throughout Singapore.

Price of birth control pills

The cost of birth control pills in Singapore can vary depending on the brand and type. Prices typically range from about SGD 15 to SGD 50 per month's supply, though some polyclinics and public healthcare institutions may offer subsidised rates.

Book an appointment with a Thomson Medical gynaecologist to discuss your birth control pill plans.

Who should not take birth control pills?

Certain medical conditions may make it unsafe to use birth control pills. You should not take oral contraceptive pills if you:

• Have a history of heart attack, stroke, or blood clots

• Have known or suspected breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers

• Have liver disease or liver tumours

• Experience unexplained vaginal bleeding

• Are pregnant or suspect you might be pregnant

• Smoke and are over 35 years old

• Have severe high blood pressure

Consult with a Thomson Medical gynaecologist to determine if birth control pills are safe and appropriate for you.

If you are considering birth control pills…

If you're considering using birth control pills, it's crucial to have a thorough discussion with your doctor to determine if they're the right choice for you, as oral contraceptive pills are only a highly effective form of birth control when used correctly and consistently. 

They offer numerous benefits beyond contraception, but like all medications, they come with potential risks and side effects.

Remember, while this guide provides general information, it's not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a doctor for personalised guidance on contraception and your reproductive health.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a gynaecologist at Thomson Medical.

Book an appointment with Thomson Medical today.

FAQ

When do oral contraceptive pills start working?

The timing can depend on when you start taking the pill and which type you're using. Generally, if you start within the first 5 days of your period, you're protected immediately. If you start at any other time, it may take up to 7 days before you're fully protected. Always use a backup method of contraception for the first 7 days to be safe.

What should I do if I miss a pill?

The appropriate action depends on the type of pill you're taking and how many pills you've missed. Generally:

• If you're less than 24 hours late taking a pill, take it as soon as you remember and continue with your regular schedule.

• If you're more than 24 hours late, refer to the product leaflet for specific instructions or consult your doctor.

• You may need to use backup contraception for 7 days after missing pills.

Always refer to the product leaflet or consult your doctor for specific advice tailored to your situation.