What is Milia?
A milium, also known as a milk spot or oil seed, is a small, keratin-filled cyst that can appear just under the epidermis or on the roof of the mouth. These tiny cysts are commonly associated with newborn babies but can occur in people of all ages.
Symptoms of Milia
Milia are characterised by small, white or yellowish bumps that are most commonly found on the face, particularly around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. In some cases, they can also appear on the roof of the mouth or other mucous membranes. These bumps are usually painless and do not cause itching or discomfort.
Causes of Milia
Milia form when keratin, a protein found in the skin, becomes trapped beneath the outer layer of the skin. This can happen for various reasons, including:
Newborn skin development: In newborns, milia often develop because the sweat glands are still maturing and can become clogged easily.
Skin damage: Skin injuries, burns, or blistering can lead to the formation of milia as the skin heals.
Sun damage: Prolonged sun exposure can thicken the skin, which may trap keratin and cause milia to form.
Use of heavy skincare products: Products that clog pores or contain heavy oils can contribute to milia formation.
Treatments for Milia
Milia often resolve on their own without treatment, especially in newborns. However, if milia persist or are bothersome, various treatment options are available:
Topical treatments: Over-the-counter creams containing ingredients like retinoids or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) can help exfoliate the skin and reduce milia.
Manual extraction: A dermatologist can safely remove milia using a sterile needle or scalpel. This procedure should not be attempted at home to avoid infection or scarring.
Chemical peels: Mild chemical peels can help exfoliate the skin and reduce the appearance of milia.
Laser therapy: In some cases, laser therapy may be used to treat persistent milia.
Preventing Milia
While it may not be possible to prevent milia entirely, certain skincare practices can help minimize their occurrence:
Gentle cleansing: Use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser to keep the skin clean without clogging pores.
Exfoliation: Regular exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells and prevent keratin buildup.
Avoid heavy products: Use lightweight, non-comedogenic skincare products to reduce the risk of clogged pores.
Sun protection: Protect your skin from sun damage by using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing.
Milia are generally harmless and do not require medical treatment. However, if you notice any changes in the appearance of your skin or if the bumps become painful or inflamed, it is advisable to seek medical advice. A dermatologist can provide appropriate treatment and rule out other skin conditions.
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